Формы обращения в английском языке
CОДЕРЖАНИЕ I. Введение.  II. Формы обращения в английском языке.  1. Формы обращения, связанные с родственными отношениями 2. Ласковые и дружественные формы обращения.  3. Вежливые формы обращения.  4. Недружественные, оскорбительные формы обращения.  III. Особенности использования различных форм обращения в США.    Обращение — слово или сочетание слов, называющее лицо, которому адресована речь. Обращениями в первую очередь служат имена людей, название лиц по степени...

Торонто /English/
City Center  Toronto`s City Hall The two towers, rising 20 and 27 storeys, are located in the city center in Nathan Phillips Square. A reflecting pool under the arches is used as an ice-skating rink in the winter.  Toronto is the center of most populous area in Canada and the capital of province of Ontario. Toronto is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Canada. The region is known as the «Golden...

Топики по английскому языку (V. 2)
Топики по английскому языку (V. 2) ABOUT MYSELF My name is Natalia. My surname is Govorova. I am 15. I was born in 1982 in Chelyabinsk. I live in a small town of Usinsk in the Komi Republic. My address is Flat 116,19, Pionerskaya Street. My phone number is 41−5-81. I am a pupil. I go to school Numbers 1. I am a good pupil. I do well in all subjects. They...

Топики по английскому языку (V. 1)
Топики по английскому языку (V. 1)  Economy in Russia The Russian is reach in natural resources in the past few years the Russia try to remove from a centrally controlled economy to a market economy. In spite of decline Russia has various branches of industry, such as metallurgical, automobile and chemical industry. Russia is divided on 11 economic regions such as: North, North west, central, Volga, Ural. And Asia: West Siberia,...

Темы для экзамена по английскому языку
Great Britain Great Britain is not large. It takes just six hours in a fast train from London to Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Great Britain lies not far from continent of Europe. It is separated from the continent by the North Sea and English Channel." Great Britain" has several different names. Some people say «Britain» or «the United Kingdom», or just «UK». There...

Нигерия /English/
The official name of Nigeria is Federal Republic of Nigeria. The capital city is Abuja. The Nigerian government is federal republic, independent since 1960. The civilian constitution of the Second Republic, with an US-style president, senate and house of representatives, was suspended when the military took over on December 31,1983.  The population is more than 100 millions of people. More than 50% of them are Christians, and less than ...

14 сочинений /English/
14 сочинений /English/  1. My last day off Yesterday it was Sunday, that’s why my last day off was not long ago and I remember it quite well. I always try to do my best to make my holidays really exciting, because we have only few days in a week for relaxation and rest.  Yesterday my friends and I agreed to meet at my place. First we watched a very interesting TV show «What? Where? When?»....

World Museums
World Museums   The British Museum (Great Britain) London is a city rich in museums. There’s museums full of toys, furniture, wax people, antique furniture, in fact, something for practically every taste. It’s hard to see them all, even if you’re here for a very long time, so picking which museums to see can sometimes be quite difficult. Still for most visitors, The British Museum always ranks as one of London’s...

Who became kamikaze pilots, and How did they feel towards their suicide mission?
Who became kamikaze pilots, and How did they feel towards their suicide mission? Abstract This extended essay is about the Kamikaze pilots who made suicide attacks from the air during the Pacific War. This paper aims to find who the pilots really were and how they felt about their suicide mission. The hypothesis for the research was that any pilot could become a Kamikaze pilot, and that the pilots probably felt scared, yet took the responsibility to carry out their mission. Most...

What do they think they are doing?
What do they think they are doing?   A survey on customs in the EU and English-speaking countries that are scarcely ever written about in school manuals What most people remember, what they think they know of England, its culture and its customs and traditions usually isn’t more than that- the essential 5-o'clock-tea (now actually abolished by the major part of the British), a typical English breakfast (cones with butter and oats porridge ...

Water World as Another Home for the English Nation Reflected in the English Folklore
Water World as Another Home for the English Nation Reflected in the English Folklore   PLAN Introduction. The history of Britain’s relations with its «waterworld». Why did it inspire the emergence of the rich English folklore? The water world in the English folklore: tales, stories fears, prejudices, poems connected with seas, rivers, lakes and their inhabitants. The English nation’s attempt at trying to preserve its precious «waterworld»...

Toronto, Ontario
Toronto, Ontario, has become Canada’s best-known city. Once saddled with a reputation stodginess, it has been reborn and revitalized and now stands as one of North America’s leaders at the arts, entertainment, and business.  Toronto boats a vast multicultural mix, with large groups of Italians, Germans, Portuguese, Ukrainians, Asians, and West Indians, each contributing to the city’s mosaic. The cosmopolitan blend offers visitors fine dining...

Three waves of Alvin Toffler. The basic points
Introduction. Impressions about the book The Principe of the evolution according to AlvinToffler First wave Second wave Third wave Energy of the new generationSemi-direct democracy. Minority power. Watching the shift. Conclusion    Introduction. Impressions about the book Reading the book «The Third Wave» by Alvin Toffler left a very deep mark in my memory. There are only a few people in the entire world that have the kind of mind that

The Welsh Language
The Welsh language, like most of the languages of Europe, and many of those of Asia, has evolved from what linguists term Indo-European. Indo-European was spoken about 6000 years ago (4000 BC) by a seminomadic people who lived in the steppe region of Southern Russia. Speakers of the languages migrated eastwards and westwards; they had reached the Danube valley by 3500 BC and India by 2000 BC. The dialects of Indo-European became much...

The War of the Roses
The Prehistory It was in this year [1411], that Richard Plantagenet was born to Richard, fifth Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. His father was the son of Edmund, the first Duke of York, who was in turn the fourth son of Edward III. If Henry VI had died before 1453, the year of the birth of Edward, Prince of Wales, then Richard would have undoubtedly been crowned King of England, since there was no other noble (since the...

The story of the royal family
For more than a thousand years Britain has always had kings or queens except for the ten years between 1649 and 1659. In the past, kings had great power and they really helped to make history. They started wars, made lows, and did things in their own way. But gradually more and more power went to Parliament. What does the queen do now? Why does Britain need monarchy? And does it? A job for life Elizabeth II calls the Windsor family a «Firm»....

The Roman Empire
Two thousand years ago while the Celts were still living in tribes the Romans were the most powerful people in the world. Roman society differed greatly from that of the Celts. It was a slave society divided into antagonistic classes. The main classes were the slaves and the slave-owners. The slave-owners made up the minority of the population but they owned the land, tools, buildings and slaves. The slaves possessed neither land nor tools and were themselves the...

The Roman Conquest of Britain
One of the last countries to be conquered by Rome was France, or Gaul as it was then called. The war against the Gauls, who were Celtic tribes, lasted for eight years. Julius Caesar was appointed Head of the Roman army which was sent to conquer Gaul. In the course of his campaigns Caesar reached the Channel and that was how the Romans came to see the white cliffs of the land of the British Celts. In 55 B.C. a Roman army...

The role of art in our life
Art is an all embracing notion (music, painting, theatre, literature and so on). Art had the most important role in the development of the mankind. The first were found on walls of ancient caves. So we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full and vivid impression.   Seneka once said: «All art is bur imitation of nature»

The people trade
The PeopleTtrade   Special report.  Europe needs workers: immigrants want a better life. Inside the shadowy — and dangerous — world of human smuggling.  Inside the customs office in Dover, England, a fax machine chirruped.  Out came a message from the European Pathway, a P&O Stena Line ferry that was churning across the channel from Zeebrugge, Belgium. The crew was dutifully alerting British authorities to a suspicious truck, a big white Mercedes-Benz...

The Impact of the Civil War 1861-1865 on Economic, Politic and Industry Development in the USA
The Impact of the Civil War 1861−1865 on Economic, Politic and Industry Development in the USA   Reconstruction (1865−77), in U.S. history, period during and after the American Civil War in which attempts were made to solve the political, social, and economic problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 Confederate states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of war.  As early as 1862, Pres. Abraham Lincoln ...

The history of the Tower of London
Contents: 1. The Development of the Tower 2. The Normans 3. The Medieval Tower 4. The Tower in Tudor Times 5. The Restoration and After 6. The Tower in the 19th Century 7. The 20th Century   The Tower of London The History of the Tower of London Fortress, Palace and Prison   This short history of the Tower of London charts the different stages of its development. Throughout its history, the Tower has attracted a number of important ...

The fastest computers of the world
One of sensations presently is the supercomputer. They can look as a small case, or a curbstone near a table.  Business and its requirements for calculations grow, together with it the supercomputer develops also.  It differs from the usual computer in additional processors and hard disks. For increasing of working frequency special processors are used.  They are executed on the logic circuits. The style programming is determined by use

The Fall of the Roman Empire
The Romans remained in Britain for about four centuries & during that time Britain was a Roman province governed by Roman governors & protected by Roman legions.   In the 3rd-4th centuries the power of the roman Empire gradually weakened. The unproductive labour of the slaves led to the economic decline of the empire. Neither new methods of land cultivation nor new technical inventions were introduced. Slavery became obstacle to technical progress....

The Etymology of English Words
Contents   Survey of certain historical facts Structural elements of borrowings Why Are Words Borrowed? Do Borrowed Words Change or do They Remain the Same? International Words Etymological Doublets Translation-Loans Are Etymological and Stylistic Characteristics of Words Interrelated?   Survey of certain historical facts It is true that English vocabulary, which is one of the most extensive among the world’s languages contains an immense number...

The Cinema in Russia Today
Cinema is one of the most important means of entertainment and propaganda. It is an ideological instrument of the political party at power in a country. Cinema is a mirror reflection of the county rulers and their policy.  If you want to go to the cinema in Russia today you will have to face two problems. The first is to find a cinema in your locality which is still showing films and which...

Speak English
Generation of 90-th is really lucky because it has new oportunities and great future. «Ferreous curtain» fell down, so now young people can travel all over the world, can consort to the people of the same age from different countries, can study culture of capitalistic nations. Certainly, it is impossible to do it if you don’t speak foreign language. I suppose, that the most usefull language in modern world is English....

Sociolinguistics
English is the second most widely spoken language in the world. It is the official language of The United Kingdom, Ireland, The United States, Canada, Jamaica, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand and it is widely spoken in India. It is the language of international business and science, of aviation and shipping. As so many people speak English in so many countries, there are many different «Englishes»....

Roman Influence in Britain
As a result of the conquest signs of Roman civilization spread over Britain. There had been no towns in Britain before the Romans conquered it. The civilized Romans were city dwellers, and as soon as they had conquered Britain they began to built towns, splendid villas, public baths as in Rome itself. York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the chief Roman towns; there were also about fifty other smaller towns. London which had been...

Rembrandt
Rembrandt   Rembrandt (1606−1669) was a Dutch baroque artist who ranks as one of the greatest painters in the history of Western art. His full name was Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, and he possessed a profound understanding of human nature that was matched by a brilliant technique- not only in painting but in drawing and etching- and his work made an enormous impact on his contemporaries and influenced the style of many...